While I certainly don't mind the current Cruiser situation, this is also reasonable:
Take cruisers double their supply and production cost. Give them some more armor and shielding and give them a boost in weaponry, especially the Kodiak and the Command Cruiser (For the Command Cruiser add a few autocannon turrets, the TEC need some more kinetic love. Or whatever). Just a bump for the Robotics Cruiser. And an extra squadron or two for the Carrier but only accessed through research. And you will have cruisers that are balanced, ineffective to spam, and overall worthwhile as the core component of a light or heavy fleet.
As for this...
1) I hate the idea of "gimme gimme gimme gimme gimme gimme GUNS!!!" it completely misses the point of the entire class of ship
That hardly seems what the above was about. It was about changing the cruisers role a bit -- putting them as ships 'in-between' frigates and capships, as opposed to the 'mage/priest' (to use a fantasy RTS analogy) units they are now.
2) they are meant to be produced at a cheap cost
At the moment, sure. Again, the above was a suggestion changing their role a bit.
3) too many fighters for the carrier (bomber rush, anyone?)
Increasing the cost hardly seems to encourage this. (not to mention the suggestion of extra research).
4) those "core components" you're talking about are capital ships.
Again. Suggesting a change (though as to what you two define as core escapes me, as I can see just as sane an argument that Frigates are the core of your fleets. YMMV) . The suggestion above would work to put cruiser in more of a middle ground as opposed to where they are now.