Huh? Did someone interchange the hard difficulty with the easy one?
I'm always playing on hard against the AI and I would be happy if the AI attacked me after 10 minutes.
1. It is impossible to explore without for some reason I have yet to discover drawing an attack from some other npc player.
Actually that doesn't draw an attack from the AI. At least if you use scouts, it's no problem. Just don't think about exploring the AI's home planet with your main fleet.

2. The splitting of the research between civilian and military slows the upgrades, and discovery of new weapons, or improving weapons to a point that now the first to rush into attacking will gain the advantage.
I don't think the splitting was such a bad idea, but since about every research in the civil part which needs more then 9 research station is useless, I don't build more then 9 c.research stations.
As for military research, the best (and the cheaper ones anyway for the early game) research doesn't need more then 5 military research stations.
Also you only need 2 desert planets to build 16 research stations (2 logistic points per station, 16 points per desert planet available). So with 4 desert planets you have all the place you'll need for your research stations.

3. Exploring as a seperate planet research is useless, it takes time and money to do this and with the npc players trying to blow you out of the galaxy in less time than every, Not worth even trying to research.
No, they're quite useful for the late game, when you have lots of resources, since the benefits of those artifacts can be quite huge.

Being able to select your flag ship is nice, but after that, the capital ships are useless if you cannot get the time to build up an economy to use them.
Nah, not really.

I'm able to field 6 capital ships in under 10 minutes with the current system, so it can't really be that bad. Capital ships are still a viable way to go, they just got a bit more expensive for the first 6 capitals and very research intensive for the next 10s.