Zero Hero, is right with the culture, being one of the things you need, for a great defense.
But I would add, that culture is the most important defense of any planet. First if you even loss, the enemy can't colonize till your culture is gone. But the most important, is you own culture bounes(or as Zero Hero put it "races benefits"). This is more important late game, where your larger fleets recive a benfits, the most from it.
best defense is generally a good offense
CaptainPepmus, is wrong, when it comes to this. If you can destroy the enemy fleet, when it attacks one of your world, then it not only reduces the defense power of that enemy, but also the defense power. Fight your enemy when you have the upper hand to destory there fleets. Remember, that if you attack one of your enemys, worlds, THEY have the bounes. All ways attack, will put you in more danager, where your biiger fleet, will lose to a smaller enemy fleet.
In the end, most of every thing we do, is to support the fleet, and your defense should reflect this. That is wht the culture bounes are the most important, as they increase the power of the fleet. The 15% damage increase(for the Vasari) is like adding another ships to your fleet, for ever 8 you have in your fleet(the other ones, are just as powerful).
Another important defense building is the Vasari Nano weapons jammer. It can support, both the defense systems of any world, and your fleet. What it does, when full upgraded, is reduce the fire rate of enemy ships, by 30% and Planetary bombardment by 45%. The reduce rate of fire, of 30% is equal to the redcue in damge of 33% over the same amount of time. This can help your fleet greatly, by reduceing the damage dealt to them.
repair stations loss the power over time, but ever little helps.
PJI help to protect other worlds, as it takes longer for enemy fleets to jump. It alos helps your fleet, as it takes longer for the enemy, to go after them, as well as longer for the enemy to get away.
The best of all the Tactical structures, has to be the Vasari Phase stabilizer. It allows your fleet, to move faster, and to attack alot faster, then you enemy normally sees.
Other defense like hangers and turrents are only good, as defense against Pirates.