I believe Aerolian, with maximum players, has two systems each with five players. So unless one AI had already researched Long Range Jumps within 12 minutes and sent a fleet over, you're describing a situation with one too many hostile factions.
If you consider the first few levels of Fleet Logistics, it costs 1200 credits and 75 crystal to create a second capital ship crew and 400 credits and 25 crystal and 9% of your income rate to increase fleet capacity from 100 to 250. The cost of one capital ship is 3000 credits, 400 metal, and 250 crystal. Assuming all the hostile AI players have retained their first (free might I add) capital ship, and lets say created 10 light frigates to accompany those capital ships, then...
For all AIs:
Total cost of Fleet Logistics Upgrades + 1 Capital Ship = 4600 credits, 400 metal, 325 crystal
For TEC AIs:
10 Cobalts = 3000 credits, 550 metal
Total TEC expenditure: 7600 credits, 950 metal, 325 crystal
Fleet slots used: 150/250
For Advent AIs:
10 Disciples = 2500 credits, 400 metal
Total Advent expenditure: 7100 credits, 800 metal, 325 crystal
Fleet slots used: 140/250
For Vasari AIs:
10 Skirmishers = 4200 credits, 800 metal
Total Vasari expenditure: 8800 credits, 1200 metal, 325 crystal
Fleet slots used: 170/250
I don't know if AIs have come up with a way to amass this much credits and resources within 12 minutes (720 seconds multiplied by 10.5 creds/sec, which is homeworld + 1 asteroid, gives 7560 credits) on Normal, but that doesn't seem to correspond to two of our cases, which doesn't even allow for time required to coordinate such a planned assault. Yes, there is an initial start of a few thousand credits, but that mostly goes to planet infrastructure and orbital structures (come to think of it, Fleet Logistics also requires one research lab to be built for the first level of both upgrades).
I'm not saying they don't make coordinated assaults (I've been triple teamed in the very same map), but to make one so early in the game doesn't make much sense, particularly with the numbers you've provided. On top of that, two planets and an asteroid should be able to support the first fleet capacity upgrade without collapsing your economy, so you should have been able to increase your fleet capacity beyond the 100 fleet capacity one capital and 10 Cobalts occupy.