Goafan: 1 thing you forgot is the BB's big guns would blast most PT/Destroyers out of the water at ranges the destroyers couldnt engage back. The point of the screen of escorts was to make the enemy small ships take fire from the BBs at long range, and then be finished off by the smaller ships before they get in range to even hurt the BB.
In SINS, this doesnt work because the BBs shoot the same range as the PTs. This is also why Carriers are so good, and most consider hangers better then gun platforms.
IMO, a good fix for caps would be to make them act like caps in firepower/range as well. Sure, KOLs will get swarmed, but on approach you are going to lose 2-3 smaller ships, and during battle a few more. Due to speed the caps wont be able to kite, and the little ships will be able to dictate the engagement area. Using your own little ships, you can keep his ships away from your caps too.
doubling the caps current range would be a good start, since this forces him to charge through your little guys fleet to get to the cap, or engage your little guys and let the big guy do the damage. This way, the guy with a balanced fleet (caps and small ships) would have an advantage over the swarm.
Another small change I'd add would be to add flak guns to all caps. Adding the equal of a single flak frigate to each cap (Maybe more for certain ships, like akkans) would also help slow the current carrier spam. This way a cap fleet isnt totally reliant on escorts to stop bombers.