I have 1.1 patch and some of these or still broken. I have done both the TEC and Vasari civ research achievements and neither registered. I do have pirate exterminator which I suspect I probably had before I installed 1.1. Maybe these are not just "broken" or "working" but some other factor determines when they register as achieved or get ignored. Its annoying. I see that .3% of players have achieved the Vasari Empire Researcher and .4% have achieved the other two civilian research achievements, which makes these 3 the lowest ones of them all. The military ones are barely any better though with just .5% (Visari), .6% (Advent), and .7% (TEC).
http://steamcommunity.com/stats/SinsofaSolarEmpireRebellion/achievements
As it happens, the 8 lowest ones are also the same 8 that I don't have including the 6 research ones, Archaeologist, and Outstanding Resume. I know with certainty I have never had all of the artifacts and have not done the other research ones but I can't say if I ever did the 30 missions needed for Outstanding Resume so I can't say if that one is broken or not.
EDIT: For what it is worth the reason these did not work for me seems to have been because the achievement conditions were met after my opponent was dead. You have to meet the conditions while you still have an active opponent it seems. I have half of the research achievements now (1 military, 2 non-military) and working on the other half.