Alright, beginning testing. I should note that it's easiest to see the distortion on non-resource asteroids when zoomed out quite a distance. I'm not noticing anything really when zoomed in. The issue is actually more minor than I recall as I'm currently struggling with my vision to see the problem with edges. Reporting anyway as maybe it'll help track down a similar issue or the cause of this one.
4xAA in-game, Nvidia default settings: White dots on asteroid edges.
AA disabled in-game, Nvidia default settings: No dots on asteroid edges.
4xAA in-game, AA Gamma correction disabled: White dots on asteroid edges.
AA disabled in-game, AAGC disabled: No dots on asteroid edges.
4xAA in-game, AAGC disabled, AA 8xQ override: Dots present, harder to see.
AA disabled in-game, AAGC disabled, AA 8xQ override: Dots present, harder to see.
4xAA in-game, AAGC enabled, AA 8xQ override: Dots present, harder to see.
AA disabled in-game, AAGC enabled, AA 8xQ override: Dots present, harder to see.
Thought my eyes were losing focus, so I loaded up the original test again. Dots are easily apparent there, moreso than any other test settings. From the tests I gather that gamma correction does not affect the artifacts, while a forced higher anti-aliasing method seems to reduce the severity to the point of them existing, but having to strain to spot them.
I realize the first AA disabled in-game test doesn't seem to make sense, but I just reloaded with those settings to make sure and scoured the asteroids. Couldn't see any artifacts at all. So I've either killed my eyes squinting tonight or they're not there. Edit: Never mind, it does make some sense as neither the Nvidia control panel or the game are trying to do any AA in that instance.
Almost forgot, this is on a GTX 275 195.62 driver version.