Ah cr*p... Well at least I provided some additional information for upcomming patches to IC...
StCobalt: I didn't take a look into this thread because the title didn't seem to deal with errors while starting a mod. But actually it was helpful. I was able to enable the output of errormessages before the crash. There are a lot of errors but for now I'll just post the first one:
Failed to Create D3DX Effect 'C:\Users\Lord Günther\AppData\Local\Ironclad Games\Sins of a Solar Empire\Mods\Mad Scientist Mod v1.4\PipelineEffect\SetupDefaultStates.fx'...
(1,1): error X1507: failed to open source file: 'C:\Users\Lord Günther\AppData\Local\Ironclad Games\Sins of a Solar Empire\Mods\Mad Scientist Mod v1.4\PipelineEffect\SetupDefaultStates.fx'
This mod makes me assume that there are files missing. The reason could be that I'm sill using a wrong patch. But the MadScientist mod used for this test should run on 1.14, if I didn't totally misunderstand Ordian. I case I did, I'll now look für a patch to 1.13 and try it again.