Well, there you have it. We lacked something like this, so I decided to make one since we have a rather large flow of newbies coming in. I left off things like Starbases, structures, and planets since they are kinda off to the side...
Oh, here is a similar image from Badken. It is more in depth and shows the actual multipliers against certain armor types. Basically, use mine to get the gist and then use his for more detail.
Hope this helps. Good luck all.