well, if you really want to know, the best place to look is in the raws... you need to convert them (but you need to download a converter), or download them (there is a thread in the modding section for both)
https://forums.sinsofasolarempire.com/378266
so like for the akkan, it has 3 different "weapons"
WeaponType "Projectile"
damageEnums
AttackType "CAPITALSHIP"
DamageAffectType "AFFECTS_SHIELDS_AND_HULL"
DamageApplyType "BACKLOADED"
DamageType "ENERGY"
WeaponClassType "LASERTECH"
DamagePerBank:FRONT 30.000000
DamagePerBank:BACK 0.000000
DamagePerBank:LEFT 0.000000
DamagePerBank:RIGHT 54.000000
Range 5000.000000
PreBuffCooldownTime 6.000000
WeaponType "Projectile"
damageEnums
AttackType "CAPITALSHIP"
DamageAffectType "AFFECTS_SHIELDS_AND_HULL"
DamageApplyType "BACKLOADED"
DamageType "PHYSICAL"
WeaponClassType "AUTOCANNON"
DamagePerBank:FRONT 18.000000
DamagePerBank:BACK 0.000000
DamagePerBank:LEFT 43.000000
DamagePerBank:RIGHT 0.000000
Range 5000.000000
PreBuffCooldownTime 5.500000
WeaponType "Projectile"
damageEnums
AttackType "CAPITALSHIP"
DamageAffectType "AFFECTS_SHIELDS_AND_HULL"
DamageApplyType "BACKLOADED"
DamageType "ENERGY"
WeaponClassType "LASERTECH"
DamagePerBank:FRONT 16.250000
DamagePerBank:BACK 0.000000
DamagePerBank:LEFT 62.500000
DamagePerBank:RIGHT 45.000000
Range 5000.000000
PreBuffCooldownTime 5.000000
so, the Left bank does the most damage, but not by much, but the front does only about 1/2 the damage of the left side. (make sure you take into account the cooldown time)
The important thing here is... unless you want your akkan (or donov, or sova, or kol, and so on) do do only about 40% of its damage... move it between the militia. I would not reccomend doing this against an enemy, as then you might risk your capital ship getting stuck inbetween the enemy frigs, and unable to escape. (although, on single player you could prolly get away with it)
the vasari and advent ships are all very symetrical, and are much easier to figure out than the tec ones.