The AI will no longer eject colony ships with no population.
I started a game on a tiny galaxy against the Yor to see how they handled this. They always launched many empty colony ships before this patch. With this patch they built two colony ships with two population each and sent them to colonize planets. This reduced the population of the home planet to one, so they shouldn't be able to put any population on any colony ship they built. They built one anyway but couldn't launch it, so this works. I could see it in orbit around their shipyard. It would be better if they didn't waste their time building a ship they couldn't use.
A possible problem is that they never built another colony ship despite there being colonizable planets available that they knew about. One was in the star system with the last planet they colonized, and one was in the star system next to that one. Their first two colonies had two population each, so they had planets where they could build and launch colony ships.
This may not really be a problem because I wasn't trying to colonize anything, so I was just building military ships. I also was able to capture the space monster, and that really increased my military strength. This probably worried the Yor as they started building a lot of military ships and hiring military mercenaries. They may have decided that building military ships was better than building colony ships. I'll play normally in a larger galaxy and see how they do there.