You can use.
Winkey + M to minimize all
Winkey + shift + M to restore all
Or
Copy and paste the following into a text file and save it as ShowDesktop.vbs. Then create a new shortcut linked to this file.
Set Shell = CreateObject ("Shell.Application")
Shell.MinimizeAll
Set Shell = Nothing
and
Copy and paste the following into a text file and save it as RestoreAll.vbs. Then create a new shortcut linked to this file.
Set Shell = CreateObject ("Shell.Application")
Shell.UndoMinimizeAll
Set Shell = Nothing
--------------------------------------------------------
I'll let someone else tackle the other problem. My solution is a bit radical. 
Windows is doing what it would normally do if you right-click the taskbar and select "Auto-hide the taskbar" - which then allows maximized windows to occupy the complete screen. Selecting "Keep the taskbar on top of other windows" will allow you to bump the edge to show taskbar.
Probably stuff you already know.
I am thinking that the only solution via "explorer.exe" (windows shell) would be to size your windows as you want them, and use the "Restore" setting instead of "Maximize", to prevent covering the dock.
This way you can always go full screen with maximize, and use restore before closing the window, so the OS will remember the size that you closed at and return it when re-opening.
Hopefully someone with more experience in this issue will drop by with a better alternative.
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