I suppose im sometimes a bit obsessed by all of this, haha, but have been working along the lines you mentioned, just to see if i could find a reference SOMEWHERE, for the capitalshipnametype. Somewhere we haven't looked yet.
I thought perhaps that renaming the meshes, and the textures of a single ship, or perhaps one of the files in the base install folder has a reference for the capitalshipnametype? Like when files aren't listed in Entrenchment, but they pull from the base game folders.
No luck yet, but there is the ability to re-name them in game, that is tied to the executable of course. Perhaps the lines exist in the exe itself?
Hacking the exe though might be more than i can do with a hex editor.
Of course it would be nice if the exe "referenced" a file somewhere with the appropriate list of values, but it may not of course.
Or perhaps the GalaxyForge? I haven't looked at it closely enough since i have been having difficulties getting the templates to work right since the update.
I have also thought perhaps of some variant of the main three, or their in-game names, like Phase2 or Vasari as values that might be workable to get an additional list of ship names in game.
Has anyone hacked the exe at all?
Has anyone seen what it looks like and whether or not it is editable?
Sorry, going in circles here,
Hmmm....
What about registry entries for the game in Windows? are there values listed there for perhaps "Types"?
Or perhaps hidden folders or files in the game folders?
Probably not that cryptic. If I was a Dev, I would probably hard code it because its quicker or list it in a text file somewhere the game scans for its setup values when loading.
Well... still thinking, but stumped, because i cant of course look at any of this from school, but well... tonight I can look at some of it.
We could of course ask the Devs, Craig or Blair and they could say yes, or no, or maybe, or its coming be patient. 
Anyway, will get back with you and let you know how the search goes. 
Haha, like looking for harmonic valves that make cars run harmoniously,
Which may mean its in the exe and not to be found in a file at all, no matter how many i look through. 
Anyway, as Sherlock was famous for saying "The game is afoot!"
Still searching...
-Teal