Agent_Noob_Fury, the answer to all 3 questions, is yes. All that you want to do is possible. The first two are easy. Select whichever planet you want and tell it not to use the default configuration like you do when making any changes. In the planets properties, load the default and then create a new setup and look at the list on the right. There are a couple bonuses and an artifact. Kind of sucky that Forge only came with those but download my mod and you will have access to all of them. Get it
Daedus
Read through this thread a bit, a few people with Vista were especially having problems with things showing up in game but I think most have been resolved. To change the version of your galaxy, just open it in notepad and the second line should say 'versionnumber 0' change that to a 1 for version 1.3. Do not change this if you haven't updated yet.
I have managed to implement all artifacts and planetary bonuses into my custom maps by changing the GalaxyScenarioDef file to include planetItemType entries for each. The changes also need to be made in the identical file in the GameInfo folder. I have uploaded my copy of this file to the mods area but it will take 5 days to be approved I think. I am working on adding asteroids to planets but I don't think it can be done in the same way. Hope this helps.