but to make new ones, what would the process be?
Copy an existing player entity file, plug in stuff for yours

Sins is pretty modular. You have different bits like ship entity files, research entity files, etc and they're plugged in a list in the player entity file for that race's build options and research options.
- The research subjects themselves specify positions in the research trees.
- Ships and buildings are simply listed in the player entity file under frigate and capital ship factory sections.
- The research subjects for the race are also listed in the player entity file.
- Each entity file (including the player) references the English.str for name/description, so you would just add your own strings.
- Research subjects, ships, abilities also contain their research pre-reqs in their own entity files. In the case of research entities, the game will automatically try to link them with arrows provided the arrow of that shape exists.