A Tale of Two Truths
I have some comments about science and God. I will begin with the 'beginning' and finish with my comments about a comparison between science and Catholicism and not between science and God since much of what I know about God is through Catholicism.
In the Bible, Adam and Eve represent the first people who developed their own idea about good and evil after they ate the fruit of knowledge from the tree of good and evil. That the fruit is from a natural source can also indicate that Adam and Eve's knowledge of good and evil can also be developed from a natural source that is different from the supernatural source of God. Their eating of the fruit helped them to internalize in themselves their own preferred sources of good and evil such as from the human mind or from nature independently from the source of God. As a result, God 'locked' them out of the Garden of Eden, and into a world of conflicts about ideas and practices of good and evil. All people who are born after Adam and Eve, from the perspective of Catholicism, are born with the ability for original sin. Reportedly, Judaism does not believe in the concept of inherited original sin. One story from Judaism is that God created Adam and Eve to be fallen to know the consequence of sin, and after possessing the knowledge of good and evil and understanding the consequence of sin to go out into the world (expelled fromEden) and do good. From Judaism: no person or group of people can fall into the pride of sin by claiming a nobler ancestry other than Adam and Eve from whom all humanity is descended from one image of God.
The question has been, is the story about Adam and Eve eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil a true story or an allegory? From the Catholic catechism paragraph 396, "The "tree of the knowledge of good and evil" symbolically evokes the insurmountable limits [of original sin, therefore humans should be] dependent on their Creator". I write "should be" because humans have free will. Also from the Catholic catechism paragraph 390, "The account of the fall [of Adam and Eve] in "Genesis 3" uses figurative language, but affirms a primeval event, a deed that took place at the beginning of the history of man".
That God prohibited Adam and Eve from eating fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil can symbolically represent God protecting Adam and Eve from the possibility of harm when they act without limitations. An interpretation about not eating from the tree of knowledge of good and evil is to be free of death, perhaps spiritual death. An act without limitations has been defined by license. An act within reasonable limitations has been defined as a freedom. For example, actions that can be dangerous require a civil license usually sometime after proper training, such as for using a hand gun, driving a motor vehicle on a public road, or working as an electrician. A lack of a required civil license is a legal restraint. God does not give licentious behavior, which can be an excess of license, and which can be a cause for spiritual or civil disorder. Licentious behavior as an act outside of moral limits and can develop into hostility toward acceptable good behavior. Instead, God gives abilities for the purpose of good work, usually given as divine graces that can be used for a person's spiritual well-being and an abundance of life.
About Catholics judging good or evil, Catholics can acknowledge a true witnessing of good or evil, and Catholics can be a witness about God's words about good and evil; however, Catholics have been told not to judge a person as going to heaven or to hell. From the New Testament, John 5:22 (New International Version), "... [God] the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all [spiritual] judgment to the Son, ...".
The Catholic Church owns and operates the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in Vatican City, established in 1603. The Pontifical Academy of Sciences is reportedly concerned with objective science and not science that is subjective to politics, religion and personal agenda. The Vatican owns and operates a state of art telescope in Arizona, USA. Pope Pius XI wrote in 1936 that true science is never in contrast with the truth of Christian faith (a belief that truth cannot contradict itself); and, Pope Pius XI also wrote that for the progress of science, the Catholic Church and its members can work for the discovery and in the service of truth for science. For example, the science of archaeology reportedly has verified some place names mentioned in the Old Testament. Pope John II wrote in 1979 that faith and science can have a harmony of truth, and that believers can investigate nature to analyze and know the work of its intelligent creator. The Catholic Church reportedly is in a constant reconciliation with science as new truths are verified. In my words, examples of science that can oppose the Catholic faith are sciences that detract a person from the Catholic faith and therefore the possibility of spiritual salvation and an eternal life in heaven; science that can use truth to invalidate divine presence, purpose, cause, and will; and science that does not respect the dignity of life, which can dehumanize people by carelessly placing people at risk. Based on John 14:6 (New International Version), Jesus replied to Thomas, "... I am the way and the truth and the life. ...".
My answer to "Science and God (One and the same?)" is that science can be a search for truth in knowing and for applicable knowledge. Catholicism can be a desire for truth for knowing and not 'falling off' the way to heaven, and for promoting the well-being and the abundance of natural and spiritual life. Science and Catholicism often use different means for truth as in the scientific method of science where people can use their own efforts to discover truth, and in religion where truth is revealed by God from God's word and works from the past and hopefully in the future. Both people of science and religion can use reason, intellect and common sense for a further understanding and explanation of truth. Therefore, I think that in the tale of two truths the in between where science and God can meet is truth, however not always using the same method.