Graphic representation of ship counters has been done a couple of times before. (Another good post on this topic). I find the above confusing. I prefer my simple crude graphic representation:
Basically it goes:
LRF > LF > Carriers (fighters) > LRF again. Thats the basic triangle. The end wraps around to the start.
Its pretty obvious that LRFs are good against LFs (Long Range Frigates: Javelis LRMs, Illums, Assailants vs. Light Frigates: Cobalts, Disciples, Skirmishers). LF counter Carriers best, and fighters counter LRF.
The following is a more complex expansion:
> LRF
> Flak > (fighters) > Scouts
Scouts > LRF > LF > Carriers |
> Support v
(bombers) > HC's
> Structures (& SBs)
> Cap Ships
Scouts are good against LRFs. LRFs good at LFs. LFs are good against Flak, Carriers and all of the higher tech Support (repair/disable) ships. Carrier fighters are good against LRF and Scouts, as well as Bombers. Carrier bombers excel at HC (Heavy Cruisers), planet Structures and Capital ships. HCs, SBs and Cap Ships are all good against all, and wrap back around to front.
Or, an even more complete version:
> > Constructor
> > Colony
Scouts > > Siege > Planet
> > Torpedo > Structures & SBs
> > LRF
> Flak > (fighters) > Scouts (<) LF & Flak
Scouts > LRF > LF > Carriers / |
> Support \ v
(bombers) > HCs > All
LRF (>) > Cap Ships > All (LRF less)
> > Star Bases > All
Scouts > Torpedo > > Structures
> > Turrets > LF
Scouts > Mines > All?
Here are the old links: Colored Damage Chart
Zyrxil's Damage Types
Also see change logs, since links are outdated.
Updated Diplomacy Damage Types
And finally, the most recent Updated spreadsheet by SithLordAJ: or this